Prometi comparar as provas de inglês do Mackenzie e da Fuvest há um tempo. Desculpem-me pela demora! Aqui vai.
Uma das análises que nos ajudam a saber se uma prova é mais fácil do que a outra é verificar o número de palavras que se parecem com palavras em português.
Num outro post aqui no blog, já publiquei o percentual de palavras transparentes (parecidas com palavras em nosso idioma) no primeiro texto da prova da Fuvest.
Vejamos o percentual na prova do Mackenzie agora. As palavras parecidas (transparentes) podem ter o mesmo significado que as palavras em português, mas nem sempre! Ressaltei-as em vermelho.
No primeiro texto da Fuvest, há 31% de palavras parecidas com vocábulos do português. Na do Mackenzie, salvo engano desses meus olhos cansados e da minha péssima matemática (Estudei Letras, não Números! rs,rs,rs), há quase o mesmo percentual: 30%.
Por que meu sobrinho Danilo acertou mais questões na prova do Mackenzie, então? Se vocês leram minhas postagens sobre a Fuvest e respostas para o Danilo, podem ter uma pista. Alguém se arrisca? Essa pergunta é muito fácil!
SLEEP AND
EMOTIONSNinety-five
per cent of
adult Americans average seven to eight
hours a
night.
The rest seem to need
more than nine
hours, or get along nicely on less than six. What
distinguishes the
long and short sleepers from the
majority? To get
some answers,
psychiatrist Ernest L. Hartmann, 36, advertised in Boston and New York
papers for
long and short sleepers to
engage in an eight-
night “sleep-in” at Boston
State Hospital’s Sleep and Dream
laboratory, which Hartmann
directs. His findings
indicate that such people
differ from
ordinary sleepers – and each other – not so much
physically as
psychologically. For them sleep
serves varying, sometimes
surprising purposes.Testing showed
significant psychological differences between
long and short sleepers. The shorts
tended to be
conformist and
emotionally stable: “a
successful and
relatively healthy bunch with very little overt
psychopathology”, says Hartmann. “Their
entire life-
style involved keeping busy and avoiding
psychological problems rather than
facing them.” They also awakened seldom
during the
night and arose in the morning
refreshed and ready to go.
Long sleepers,
in contrast, checked out as
nonconformist, shy, somewhat withdrawn, and
melancholy.
Reports Hartmann: “Almost all showed
evidence of
some inhibition in the
spheres of
sexual or
aggressive functioning.
Some betrayed “mild
anxiety neuroses” and
depression.
Moreover, they slept fitfully, waked often and
typically got up with a mild
case of the morning blahs.
At first Hartmann was
tempted to
classify the restless
long sleepers as “well-
compensated insomniacs” who had to spend
more hours in bed
simply to get enough sleep. He changed his
mind with the
discovery that
long, short and average sleepers all spend about the same amount of
time in what researchers call “slow-wave sleep”, the deep and
relatively dreamless
state,
totalling some 75 minutes a
night, when people are
presumed to get their
real recuperation from the
activities of the
previous day.
Additionally, Hartmann
concluded that
long sleepers spent nearly twice as much as others
in REM (
rapid eye
movement) sleep – a
state in which the sleeper’s brain is as
active as in full
consciousness.
REM sleep is dream sleep.
In addition to the
long sleeper’s
measurably greater need to dream – that is, to mull over the
problems of wakeful life–
psychiatrist Hartmann
proposes another
function of sleep. Since the
long sleeper shows
more symptoms of
emotional problems that the short sleeper, who
resolutely avoids his
problems anyway, it seems that he may
use his
hours in bed to give his
subconscious sleeping self
more time to
examine these
problems and, if
possible, to work them out.
(Adapted from Time.)
